Phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes infiltrating human cardiac allografts during acute rejection and the development of graft vascular disease

Acute rejection (AR) and graft vascular disease (GDV) are processes mediated, at least in part, by cellular processes. Therefore, we cultured graft‐infiltrating lymphocytes (GIL) from endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) taken during the first year after transplantation, determined their phenotypic composition, and correlated it to AR and GVD. We observed more often GIL growth from EMB with AR than from non‐rejection EMB (P = 0.02), but no difference was found between patients with and without GVD 1 year after transplantation. CD4 + cells were always more numerous than CD8 + cells, and no difference in phenotypic composition was found between AR and non‐rejection EMB nor between EMB derived from patients with or without signs of GVD. In conclusion, AR is correlated with cell growth of EMB, but the development of GVD is not associated with AR, GIL growth from EMB, or their phenotypic composition.