Intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia in a 5-year-old child

A 5-year-old girl presenting with acute middle cerebral artery stroke was diagnosed as having intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia by angiographic findings of focal changes in the proximal right middle cerebral artery and pathological dilatation of the right internal carotid artery at the base of the skull, as well as dissection of at least one of the middle cerebral artery branches and nonfilling of two or perhaps three remaining middle cerebral artery segmental branches. Her clinical condition improved after management of the increased intracranial pressure. She did not receive any medication after discharge and had virtually no residual sequelae. Our case documents an unusual location and age of onset of a patient with fibromuscular dysplasia.