Elevation of either axoplasmic norepinephrine or sodium level induced release of norepinephrine from cardiac sympathetic nerve terminals

Using dialysis technique, prominent accumulation of norepinephrine (NE) in the myocardial interstitial space was observed under two different conditions: (1) local administration of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (pargyline, 1, 10 mM), (2) local administration of a Na,K-ATPase inhibitor (ouabain, 10, 100 μM). Further, pretreatment with a vesicle uptake inhibitor (reserpine, 10 μM) augmented these responses. Either condition independently caused endogenous NE release and a brisk increase in dialysate NE levels might occur as a consequence of non-exocytotic release of NE.