Polyradiculoneuropathy with Cerebrospinal Fluid Albuminocytological Dissociation Due to Neurobrucellosis

Brucellosis is an infection caused by gram-negative microorganisms of the genus Brucella that are transmitted to humans by domesticated animals. Involvement of the nervous system occurs in 5%-10% of cases of systemic brucellosis, and clinical manifestations may imitate several neurological disorders. Criteria for definite diagnosis of neurobrucellosis are (1) abnormal CSF, with an increased protein level and lymphocytic pleocytosis; (2) positive Brucella agglutination tests and high titers of antibody in the blood and CSF; and (3) a clinical response to chemotherapy. We report a case of polyradiculoneuropathy caused by neurobrucellosis in a man whose CSF and hematological findings were misleading.