L5-67 and LUQ-1 peptide precursors of Aplysia californica: Distribution and localization of immunoreactivity in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues

Two genes (L5‐67 and LUQ‐1) that encode neuropeptide precursors have recently been shown to be expressed in a distinct and non‐overlapping manner in the five left upper quadrant (LUQ) cells of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia (Landry et al. [1992], J. Neurobiol. 23:89–101). By using wholemount immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay (RIA), the pattern of expression of these two genes was assessed at the protein level throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and in peripheral tissues of Aplysia californica. The distribution of LUQ‐1 precursor‐like immunoreactivity was fairly limited, occurring in the ventral LUQ cell (L5) and in a total of approximately 20 additional neurons in the abdominal and cerebral ganglia. L5‐67 precursor‐like immunoreactive material was more prevalent, appearing in a total of approximately 100 neurons distributed among each of the central ganglia. Identified L5‐67‐immunoreactive neurons included the four dorsal LUQ cells (L2‐4 and L6) and two giant neurons (R2 and LPI1). In one group of cells, the H cluster of the cerebral ganglion, L5‐67 immunofluorescence was substantially more intense in larger versus smaller animals, suggesting that this peptide precursor is subject to developmental regulation in certain neurons. Immunoelectron microscopic examination of the subcellular localization of L5‐67 immunoreactivity in LUQ cell somata and axons revealed its association with dense‐core vesicles (approximately 114 nm in diameter). In the periphery, L5‐67‐immunoreactive fibers were detected in specific regions of the circulatory system (auricle, ventricle, cristae aorta, anterior aorta) and the reproductive system (genital ganglion, large hermaphroditic duct, small hermaphroditic duct, ovotestis. The kidney and the intestine, two tissues in which considerable secretion and absorption occur, contained material immunoreactive to both L5–67 and LUQ‐1 antisera. The localization of the two peptide precursors in these tissues differed substantially, with L5‐67 occurring in widely ramifying varicose fibers, whereas LUQ‐1 was found in restricted foci of fibers and in small spherical cells that appeared to lack processes. These results support previous findings concerning the heterogeneity of neurotransmitter phenotypes in the LUQ cells. Furthermore, they are indicative of a fairly broad role for the L5‐67‐derived neuropeptides, and a more limited role for the LUQ‐1‐derived neuropeptides, in the regulation of the visceral organ systems of Apl