Binding of Ru(II) polyazaaromatic complexes to DNA: A 23Na NMR spin-lattice relaxation study

The possibility of using sodium-23 spin-lattice relaxation rate measurements to probe the interaction modes of Ru 11 polyazaaaromatic complexes with DNA is investigated. The following complexes are considered: Ru(phen) 3 2+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), Ru(phen) 2HAT 2+ (HAT = 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene), and Ru(diMeTAP) 3 2+ (diMeTAP = 2,7-dimethyl-1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene). The addition of Ru(diMeTAP) 3 2+ to a solution of NaDNA leads to a decrease in the sodium-23 spin-lattice relaxation rate ( R 1) similar to the effect observed upon addition of Mg 2+. This indicates that Ru(diMeTAP) 3 2+ interacts like Mg 2+ with DNA and consequently that the electrostatic interaction dominates the association with DNA. Ru(phen) 3 2+ and Ru(phen) 2HAT 2+ diminish R 1 more efficiently than Mg 2+, in a manner similar to ethidium bromide, which is known for its intercalation properties. Thus interactions other than electrostatic occur between these two complexes and DNA. These results are in agreement with data obtained from other techniques, according to which Ru(phen) 3 2+ and Ru(phen) 2HAT 2+ are located partially inside the DNA double helix, in contrast to Ru(diMeTAP) 3 2+ which remains in the ionic atmosphere around the phosphate backbone.