Evaluation of urinary oestrogen assays after the menopause and their potential for screening

Urinary oestrone-3-glucuronide, oestradiol-3-glucuronide, oestrone and oestradiol were measured by radioimmunoassay methods adapted for the very low levels found in postmenopausal women. Oestrogen concentrations related to creatinine in morning urine samples from ten postmenopausal women were found to correlate well with total oestrogen excreted in 24 h ( r = 0.934, 0.867, 0.947, 0.909, respectively; p < 0.002). Day to day variation in five individuals, measured over 5 weeks, showed random fluctuations, with no obvious cyclical variation. Reference ranges, based on two consecutive morning urine samples from 131 postmenopausal women, were 0.73–4.57 /gmmol/mol creatinine for oestrone-3-glucuronide, 0.66–3.00 μmol/mol creatinine for oestradiol-3-glucuronide, 4.8–30.9 nmol/mol creatinine for oestrone and 3.8–16.8 nmol/mol creatinine for oestradiol. We suggest that such assays may have a part to play in the screening for women at greatest risk of developing osteoporotic fractures.