Revision total hip arthroplasty with titanium ingrowth prosthesis and bone grafting for failed cemented femoral component loosening

Fifty-seven hips (55 patients) had revision for failed cemented femoral component loosening using titanium ingrowth femoral components and cancellous bone grafting. The patients' average age was 59 years (range, 25-86 years), and the average follow-up period was 2.8 years (range, two to six years). The preoperative hip score averaged 45.5 (range, 10.0-80.7) and the postoperative hip score averaged 82.5 (range, 43.0-100.0). Complications included dislocation (4.0%), infection (4.0%, one recurrence from a previously infected hip and one acute hematogenous infection), and a 4.0% revision rate for loose femoral component. Another patient had a revision for a loose acetabular component. All parameters of hip function (i.e., pain, limp, activities of daily living, use of support, and distance walked) improved with time. Femoral component loosening is classified into four types based on the severity of loosening and instability. In Type I there is minimal endosteal or inner cortical bone loss, i.e., loosening from the cement-metal-bone interface or a broken stem (seven hips). In Type II there is proximal canal enlargement with cortical thinning of 50% or more and sometimes a lateral wall defect with an intact circumferential wall (23 hips). In Type III there is a posteromedial wall defect involving the lesser trochanter (23 hips). In Type IV there is total proximal circumferential bone loss in varying distances below the lesser trochanter (three hips). The Harris hip scores for the four groups were 93.0, 83.0, 80.0, and 78.0, respectively.