Identification of a murine CD4 + T-lymphocyte response site in hepatitis C virus core protein

The T cell response to a recombinant HCV truncated core protein (cp1-10) was measured in a proliferation assay. Based on a 10-fold greater response to this truncated core protein than to its shorter form (cp1-8), a predominant epitope was mapped to the carboxyl quarter of this sequence. This epitope was further mapped to a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 121–140 of the core protein. The peptide was antigenic for T cells of all three H-2 types tested, H-2 r, b and d, and the proliferating T cells were CD4 +. Besides inducing specific proliferation in vitro, peptide aa121–140 can prime helper T cells in vivo. When boosted with core protein, mice primed with peptide produced 64-fold higher antibody titer than without priming in 1 week. The identification of a broadly immunogenic T cell helper epitope on core protein may be important for vaccine design against HCV.