Aspartame Pharmacokinetics—The Effect of Ageing

Aspartame is an intense sweetener which is increasingly used in the UK. It is registered at an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 40mg/kg, although there are no previous data relating to the metabolism of aspartame in older people. Twelve young and 12 elderly volunteers each received a single dose of approximately 40mg/kg of aspartame. Baseline concentrations of phenylalanine (the main metabolite of aspartame) rose after ingestion with a significantly higher maximum concentration (Cmax) (81.3 vs. 63.3μmol/l, p < 0.01) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity AUC(O-∞) (518.7 vs. 353.5μmol · h/1, p < 0.01) in the elderly group. The higher concentrations reflected a significant fall in volume of distribution (V) from 2.03 to 1.59 I/kg (p < 0.05) and clearance (CL) from 7.3 to 4.9ml/min/kg (p < 0.005) in the elderly group. The greater effect on CL than on V resulted in a small but non-significant rise in elimination half life (3.5 to 3.9 hours). The sizes of the differences were modest implying that there is no need on pharmacokinetic grounds for a change in the ADI for older people.