Mineral evolution of bone

A study on the evolution with age of the mineral composition of bones was performed on samples belonging to human and other common mammalian species (cattle, sheep, dog). The study was carried out on the ashes obtained by calcination of the bone samples (1 h at 900 °C). The calcined powders were carefully examined by X-ray diffraction, from which precise quantitative evaluation (also confirmed by chemical analysis) of the crystalline phases present was derived. These data were analysed as a function of the introduced fractional age Φ, a new relative scale that allows even largely different lifespan species to be compared. An overall linear increase in (Ca + Mg) P ratio with log Φ was found and the other considerations on molecular constitution (especially as regards Mg 2+ substituting for Ca 2+ in very young subjects) of the various phases detected were formulated and relative implications evaluated. The results appear promising for an improvement of knowledge in the field of biomedical experimentation and clinical implantology.