Mechanisms of arrhythmias accompanying ST-segment depression on ambulatory monitoring in stable angina pectoris

To investigate the mechanisms of ischemic arrhythmias during daily life, 32 patients with stable angina pectoris and documented ischemic episodes were studied by 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. The severity of arrhythmias observed at or before peak ST-segment depression (early arrhythmias) and arrhythmias presenting during or after resolution of the ST-segment changes (late arrhythmias) was graded according to a modified Lown classification. Eleven patients (34%) had ischemic arrhythmias and had a greater number of ischemic episodes (6.0 ± 5.4 vs 2.3 ± 1.5, p < 0.001) than patients without ischemic arrhythmias. Ischemic episodes accompanied by arrhythmias had a greater ST-segment depression (2.8 ± 1.6 mm vs 1.9 ± 0.6 mm, p < 0.001), and duration (18.2 ± 14.8 minutes vs 5.7 ± 2.6 minutes, p < 0.001) than those without arrhythmias. Ventricular tachycardia was observed in 3 patients during the early phase of ischemia and in 2 during or after recovery. Early but not late ventricular tachycardias were preceded by prodromal ventricular ectopic activity. Late arrhythmias were more frequent and severe than early arrhythmias, with an increased incidence of R-on-T ectopic complexes. In patients with stable angina, potentially life-threatening arrhythmias are closely associated with severe repetitive episodes of ischemia, and different mechanisms produce early and late arrhythmias. Prevention or reduction of the severity of ischemic episodes occurring during daily life in patients with stable angina may be more effective than prophylactic antiarrhythmic therapy.