Measurement of ventilatory system compliance in infants and young children

Ventilatory system compliance (Crs) was measured in 32 sedated sleeping infants and young children aged 3–54 months breathing spontaneously through a face mask. Airways were occluded during expiration at different lung volumes above FRC and the corresponding airway pressure was measured. A pressure-volume relationship was then calculated by the least square method. To ensure the presence of the Breuer-Hering inspiratory inhibitory reflex, the percent increase of occluded expiratory time relative to the preceding unoccluded breath was calculated in 28 subjects where several end inspiratory occlusions had been maintained up to the next inspiratory effort. This index ranged from 4 to 100% and correlated negatively with age ( r = − 0.50, P < 0.01). Crs ranged from 4.5 to 21.8 ml/cm H 2O and correlated best with height (H) (Crs = 5.36·10 −4 H 2.27, r = 0.94).