Coexistence of three competing microbial populations in a chemostat with periodically varying dilution rate

Coexistence of three microbial populations engaged in pure and simple competition is not possible in a chemostat with time-invariant operating conditions under any circumstances. It is shown that by periodic variation of the chemostat dilution rate it is possible to obtain a stable coexistence state of all three populations in the chemostat. This is accomplished by performing a numerical bifurcation analysis of a mathematical model of the system and by determining its dynamic behavior with respect to its operating parameters. The coexistence state obtained in the periodically operated chemostat is usually periodic, but cases of quasi-periodic and chaotic behavior are also observed.