Multiple trypanosome infections in wild tsetse in Côte d'Ivoire detected by PCR analysis and DNA probes

Trypanosomes were isolated from the midguts of Glossina palpalis palpalis, G. pallicera pallicera and G. nigrofusca nigrofusca captured around the village of Guediboua, South West of Daloa in Côte d'Ivoire. Seventy of the 124 isolates, obtained from 688 flies, were examined for four different kinds of trypanosome using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Prevalences were: Trypanozoon 46%, riverine-forest T. congolense 86% and savannah T. congolense 54%. Only 29 samples were examined for T. simiae but it was not detected. Just 30% of the infections involved a single kind of trypanosome; the remainder were mixtures either of two (37%) or all three (27%) of the target organisms. 30 of the 70 isolates examined by PCR were successfully amplified to provide material for DNA probe hybridization. To a large extent, DNA probes confirmed the PCR results; all ( 28 28 ) of the riverine-forest and 82% ( 18 22 ) of the savannah T. congolense infections were identified. However, only 8% ( 1 13 ) of the PCR positives for Trypanozoon hybridized with the appropriate DNA probe. No T. simiae or T. godfreyi infections were identified using DNA probes but a large proportion (97%) ( 29 30 ) of the probed midguts were shown to contain Kilifi T. congolense. Four isolates out of 70 could not be identified by any method. There was no obvious association between the different species of flies and the infecting trypanosomes.