Muscarinic receptor modulation of acetylcholine release from rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus

An attempt to identify the muscarinic receptor subtypes involved in presynaptic modulation of acetylcholine (ACh) release from cortical and hippocampal slices was made by means of several muscarinic antagonists. Cortical and hippocampal slices prepared from adult rats were superfused with Krebs solution containing physostigmine; ACh content of the superfuse at rest and after electrical stimulation (1 Hz) was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The antagonists were added to the Krebs at the concentration of 1μM. ACh release at rest was enhanced only in the cortex by (±)-5,11-dihydro-11-{[(2-[2-[(dipropylamino)methyl]-1-piperidinyl}ethyl)amino]carbonyl}-6 H-pyrido[2,3- b](1,4)-benzodiazepine-6 (AFDX384), an M2 M4 selective antagonist. The evoked ACh release from the cerebral cortex was significantly increased by AFDX384, methoctramine, pirenzepine, M2 M4 , M2 and M1 selective antagonists, respectively, and scopolamine. This finding suggests that M1, M2 and M4 presynaptic receptor subtypes could regulate evoked ACh release in the cortex. In hippocampal slices, the evoked ACh release was enhanced by AFDX384, pirenzepine and scopolamine but not by methoctramine. In this region ACh release seems therefore regulated only by M1 and M4 receptor subtypes. The M3 antagonist (±)- p-fluorohexahydro-sila-difenidol hydrochloride did not affect ACh release.