Increased levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( VCAM-1) in the cerebrospinal fluid and sera of patients with multiple sclerosis and human T lymphotropic virus type-1-associated myelopathy

We evaluated the relationship between the soluble form of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) or with human T lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy (HAM), and measured levels of sVCAM-1 in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sera. Serum and CSF levels of sVCAM-1 were significantly increased in patients with acute relapsing MS during an exacerbation ( P < 0.01 and P < 0.001), as well as in chronic progressive MS ( P < 0.05 and P < 0.001), compared with healthy individuals and patients with other neurological diseases, respectively. Patients with acute relapsing MS during an exacerbation also exhibited significantly higher serum and CSF levels of sVCAM-1 vs. patients with acute relapsing MS in remission ( P < 0.001). Significantly higher serum levels of sVCAM-1 were observed in patients with HAM vs. either healthy individuals ( P < 0.01) or non-HAM carriers ( P < 0.01). These results suggest that the determination of sVCAM-1 in the sera and CSF may be useful in monitoring the activity of MS and HAM.