Benefits and risks of different hormonal replacement therapies in post-menopausal women

A total of 113 women who presented with climacteric symptoms participated in the study. They were randomly allocated to seven groups of 10–27 subjects, who received for 6 mth the following therapies, respectively: (1) conjugated oestrogens (CE) 0.625 mg/day for 21 days + norethisterone (NET) 5 mg/day from day 12 to day 21; (2) CE + cyproterone acetate (CPA) 12.5 mg/day from day 1 to day 10; (3) oestradiol valerate (EV) 2 mg/day for 21 days + NET; (4) EV + CPA; (5) oestriol (E 3) 2–4 mg/day; (6) tibolone (ORG OD14) 2.5 mg/day; and (7) placebo, one tablet/day. Hot flushes decreased significantly over the treatment period in all seven groups. However, E 3 was less effective at the dose used than CE, EV or ORG OD 14. At the end of the 6 month treatment period histological examination revealed no changes in endometrial morphology in any of the patients treated. Indeed, the addition of a progestogen even induced regression of endometrial hyperplasia in 8 cases. No significant variation in the plasma levels of tryglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was observed after the second and sixth months of treatment with E 3 or ORG OD 14. After 6 months, treatment with CE/EV + CPA produced a significant increase in HDL, while treatment with CE/EV + NET brought about a reduction in total cholesterol and HDL and an increase in LDL.