Watery diarrhea syndrome caused by multihormonal malignant pancreatic islet cell tumor secreting somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, serotonin, and prostaglandin E-A clinicopathological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study

The pathophysiological, biochemical, histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical characters of a case of malignant pancreatic islet cell tumor with watery diarrhea syndrome were carefully investigated. Four hormones or mediators--somatostatin (SST), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), serotonin, and prostaglandin E--were markedly elevated in the circulation. The diagnosis was further confirmed by exploratory laparotomy and autopsy. The contents of SST and VIP in tumor tissues were very high. Gel chromatography of tumor extract revealed single peaks for both SST and VIP. Immunohistochemical studies of tumor tissues showed numerous immunoreactive cells to anti-SST, moderate amount of VIP-positive cells, and a few hCG-, insulin-, and glucagon-positive cells. In conclusion, this is an unusual case of Verner-Morrison syndrome in which three kinds of bioactive hormones or mediators were simultaneously secreted; peptides, amine, and prostaglandin.