Effects of cholinergic drugs on longitudinal muscle contractions of Fasciola hepatica

Acetylcholine, cholinergic agonists and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors significantly decrease the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous longitudinal muscle contractions in Fasciola hepatica. In order of their effects on the inhibition of muscle contractions, the cholinergic agonists can be ranked as nicotine > carbachol > acetylcholine. High calcium ion concentration also causes a significant inhibition of contractions. Atropine, a cholinergic antagonist that acts on muscarinic receptors, significantly increases the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions and completely reverses the effects of cholinomimetic drugs, including nicotine. In adult F. hepatica, the levels of acetylcholine and its precursor choline are 3.14 ± 0.55 and 13.75 ± 3.72 pmol/mg wet weight, respectively. The activities of choline acetyltransferase, specific acetylcholinesterase and the nonspecific cholinesterase are 1.25 ± 0.19, 238.0 ± 13.0, and 83.0 ± 33.0 nmol/hr/mg protein, respectively.