Tissue-dependent enhancement of transgene expression by introns of replacement histone H3 genes of Arabidopsis

Intron-bearing replacement histone H3 genes in Arabidopsis and other plants are highly and constitutively expressed. We demonstrate that the introns located within the 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTR) of the two Arabidopsis replacement H3 genes will abolish the cell cycle dependence of an endogenous histone H4 promoter. We demonstrate that these introns, functionally combined with their endogenous promoters, could produce the high and constitutive expression of the replacement H3 genes observed in planta. They strongly increase gene expression whatever the promoter, from the strong 35S CaMV promoter to complete and resected promoters of cell cycle-dependent and replacement histone genes. Quantitative analysis of the extent of reporter gene enhancement in different parts of developing transgenic plantlets, ranging from 2-fold to 70-fold, supports the notion that trans-acting factors are responsible for this effect. Such factors appear most abundant in roots.