Haemophilus influenzae Epididymo-orchitis and Bacteremia in a Man Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Haemophilus influenzae is a major bacterial pathogen in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), although most infections with this organism occur in the respiratory tract. We describe an adult with HIV infection who presented with epididymo-orchitis due to H. influenzae. Eleven prior cases of H. influenzae epididymo-orchitis have been published, but all of these cases occurred in pediatric patients. Little is known about the prevalence of genitourinary tract infections caused by H. influenzae among adults. H. influenzae is a relatively rare cause of bacteremia in adults, but the frequency of H. influenzae bacteremia has been increasing among the HIV-positive population.