Melanocortins as factors in somatic neuromuscular growth and regrowth

Melanocortins, non-corticotropic fragments of adrenorecorticotropic hormone, accelerate growth fo the developing neuromuscular system and regrowth of damaged neurons, both in teh adult and neonatal rat. Morphological, electrophysiological and behavioral characteristics are all improved by melanocortins, which, however, vary in potency, with α-MSH being themost effectvie. Tissue substrate, dosage, critical time periods and pattern of neuropeptide administration are all important variables. Melanocortins and protect central neurons affecting motor behavior development or following neuronal damage in the adult brain. Possible mechanisms of melanocortin action are discussed.