An early humoral immune response in peripheral blood following parenteral inactivated influenza vaccination

The enzyme-linked immunospot assay was used to examine the humoral immune response in 15 healthy volunteers immunized with either split or subunit inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine containing A/Beijing/353/89 (H3N2), A/Taiwan/1/86 (H1N1) and B/Yamagata/16/88. The rapidity of the individual B-cell and serum antibody response was examined in lymphocyte and serum samples collected at various time intervals after vaccination. A rapid serological response was detected with increases in antibody titre detected in the majority of volunteers by 7–8 days postvaccination. Influenza-specific plasma cells were detected as early as 4 days postvaccination, higher numbers of IgA and IgG antibody-secreting cells (ASC) were observed which peaked at 7–8 days postvaccination. The number of ASCs then declined, with low numbers of cells detected at 11 days postvaccination. Influenza-specific IgA ASCs were predominantly of the IgA1 subclass. This rapid immune response may have a bearing on future vaccination policies of unimmunized ‘at risk groups’ in times of high influenza activity.