Inhibition of Tumor Angiogenesis

The exponential growth of solid tumors depends upon induction of new vessel growth, a process mediated by diffusable angiogenic factors produced by tumor cells. By inhibiting angiogenesis, it is now possible to modulate tumor growth and metastasis in laboratory animals. The first described inhibitor of angiogenesis was a protein derived from cartilage. Other important classes of antiangiogenic agents include angiostatic steroids combined with heparin or heparin derivatives, and the synthetic derivatives of fumigallin. As the mechanisms of action of these and other angiostatic agents are being elucidated, it is becoming apparent that many modulators of collagen metabolism inhibit angiogenesis and may offer clinically useful anticancer treatments. Minocycline and other tetracycline derivatives with anticollagenase properties have been shown to be potent inhibitors of angiogenesis. These agents, when administered with other standard cancer therapies, help prolong survival in laboratory animals with solid tumors. Further studies of these biologic response modifiers of tumor progression are under way in the hope that they will offer effective new treatments for cancer in humans.