Aldose reductase inhibitors and their potential for the treatment of diabetic complications

Aldose reductase converts glucose to sorbitol, which is further processed to fructose. The enzyme is present in most tissues and its possible physiological role is to produce an electrically neutral, non-diffusible osmolyte in cells exposed to hypertonicity, as typified by the renal medullary cells...

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Veröffentlicht in:Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 1994-08, Vol.15 (8), p.293-297
Hauptverfasser: Tomlinson, David R., Stevens, Elizabeth J., Diemel, Lara T.
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creator Tomlinson, David R.
Stevens, Elizabeth J.
Diemel, Lara T.
description Aldose reductase converts glucose to sorbitol, which is further processed to fructose. The enzyme is present in most tissues and its possible physiological role is to produce an electrically neutral, non-diffusible osmolyte in cells exposed to hypertonicity, as typified by the renal medullary cells of the loop of Henlé. The enzyme has a low affinity for glucose, and under normal conditions it processes tittle substrate. However, in diabetes mellitus, the marked rise in intracellular glucose that occurs in some cells causes-narked production of sorbitol. The increased flux and accumulation of sorbitol is damaging to cells and may result in some of the long-term complications of diabetes. In this review. David Tomlinson, Elizabeth Stevens and Lara Diemel discuss the role of aldose reductase and the potential of its inhibitors as therapeutic agents targeted at chronic diabetic complications.
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The enzyme is present in most tissues and its possible physiological role is to produce an electrically neutral, non-diffusible osmolyte in cells exposed to hypertonicity, as typified by the renal medullary cells of the loop of Henlé. The enzyme has a low affinity for glucose, and under normal conditions it processes tittle substrate. However, in diabetes mellitus, the marked rise in intracellular glucose that occurs in some cells causes-narked production of sorbitol. The increased flux and accumulation of sorbitol is damaging to cells and may result in some of the long-term complications of diabetes. In this review. David Tomlinson, Elizabeth Stevens and Lara Diemel discuss the role of aldose reductase and the potential of its inhibitors as therapeutic agents targeted at chronic diabetic complications.</description><subject>Aldehyde Reductase - antagonists &amp; inhibitors</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Diabetes Complications</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus - enzymology</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus - therapy</subject><subject>Diabetic Nephropathies - drug therapy</subject><subject>Diabetic Neuropathies - drug therapy</subject><subject>Diabetic Retinopathy - drug therapy</subject><subject>Hormones. Endocrine system</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Pharmacology. 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subjects Aldehyde Reductase - antagonists & inhibitors
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Diabetes Complications
Diabetes Mellitus - enzymology
Diabetes Mellitus - therapy
Diabetic Nephropathies - drug therapy
Diabetic Neuropathies - drug therapy
Diabetic Retinopathy - drug therapy
Hormones. Endocrine system
Humans
Medical sciences
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
title Aldose reductase inhibitors and their potential for the treatment of diabetic complications
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