The congener; a neglected area in the study of behaviour

This paper seeks a deeper understanding of the congener as a factor in animal and human behaviour. It does so, not by concentrating on analyses of stimulus exchanges--largely specific to the species--by which a congener is recognized, but on the more general questions of why a notion of congener exists at all and why it plays such an extraordinary important role in animal and human behaviour. Three separate approaches, by way of anthropomorphic psychology, a paraphysical energy model and the physical theory of the implicate order, lead to the recognition of a certain inseparability of 'self' and 'congener'; and to an interpretation of the content of the notion of congener and of the behaviour in relation to it, in terms of the fundamental concept of energy and the even more fundamental one of order.