The HLA-D-associated invariant chain binds palmitic acid at the cysteine adjacent to the membrane segment

The highly polymorphic HLA-D antigens are associated with a nonpolymorphic polypeptide chain, designated invariant chain. This invariant chain is shown to incorporate fatty acid. Invariant chain metabolically labeled with [3H]palmitic acid releases its label after treatment with hydroxylamine indicating an ester linkage of the palmitic acid. The binding of fatty acid to the invariant chain inhibits the formation of S-S-linked dimers. This suggests that the sole cysteine residue of the invariant chain is blocked by binding of fatty acid. A peptide shared by [3H]palmitic acid- or [35S]cysteine-labeled invariant chain digests supports the hypothesis that the palmitic acid binds to the cysteine which is located close to the membrane-spanning domain on the cytoplasmic site. Inhibition of N-glycosylation with tunicamycin demonstrates binding of the fatty acid to the nonglycosylated precursor of the invariant chain. Additionally, blocking of fatty acylation by cerulenin inhibits further maturation of the invariant chain, as sialylation.