Negative and positive effects of intracerebroventricular scopolamine on memory in mice undergoing passive avoidance and escape tests

The effects of intracerebroventricular administration of scopolamine on memory and learning in the conscious, freely moving mouse were evaluated using step-down passive avoidance and water maze tests. A new technique was used that allows convenient injection into the cerebral ventricles without disturbing the animal's behavior. No significant changes in locomotor activity were observed after low doses of scopolamine (0.1 and 1.0 μg). However, 10 μg produced an increase in locomotor activity, while 100 μg caused an initial decrease followed by an increase in activity. In the passive avoidance test, scopolamine significantly impaired memory acquisition at doses higher than 1.0 μg, consolidation at a dose of 100 μg, and retrieval at doses of 10 and 100 μg. In contrast, a dose of 0.1 μg significantly improved consolidation and retrieval. In the water maze with a bridge, scopolamine either impaired memory acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval, or had no significant effect in the dose range tested. These results suggest that there are differences in the process of memory formation in the passive avoidance and escape tests.