Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with leukemia

We have studied 30 patients with acute leukemia by the second‐generation assay for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) to determine the incidence of HCV infection and the impact of anti‐HCV positivity on liver disease. After a complete remission, 21/30 (70%) patients were anti‐HCV‐positive. During chemotherapy the anti‐HCV‐positive patients had more severe liver disease than the anti‐HCV‐negative patients, and they had a higher incidence of chronic hepatitis (13/21; 62% vs. 1/9; 11%, P < 0.01). During subsequent follow‐up, 15/30 (50%) patients relapsed and 15/30 (50%) patients completed the chemotherapy protocols. After a relapse 12/15 (80%) patients were anti‐HCV‐positive and they had more severe liver disease than the anti‐HCV‐negative patients. Among the patients who completed chemotherapy (n = 15), biochemical evidence of chronic hepatitis was found in 9/9 (100%) anti‐HCV‐positive, and 2/6 (33%) anti‐HCV‐negative cases during off‐therapy follow‐up after therapy‐withdrawal (P < 0.05). These results indicate that HCV plays an important role in the etiology of chronic hepatitis which could worsen the final prognosis of successfully treated patients with leukemia. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.