Vitamin A and E intakes and plasma concentrations of retinol, β-carotene, and α-tocopherol in men and women of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Antioxidants have been linked to protection against degenerative diseases associated with aging. Plasma concentrations were determined for and 7-d diet records collected from 200 women and 231 men aged 20–95 y who took part in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Men consumed more vitamin A from animal and less from vegetable sources than did women. These sex differences are reflected in plasma concentrations of retinol and β-carotene. About 20% of subjects had vitamin A intakes less than recommended dietary allowances; however, no men and only two women had marginal plasma retinol (< 0.35 µmol/L) concentrations. Older people had higher plasma α-tocopherol, which correlated with total intake. Forty-two men and 35 women had plasma α-tocopherol concentrations that were considered marginal. Sex differences in sources of dietary and plasma vitamin A may have consequences in relation to aging and longevity. Apparent marginal intakes and plasma concentrations of vitamin E need to be further examined to determine effects on health status.