Results of a Screening Method Used in a 12-Month Stool Survey for Escherichia coli O157:H7

Escherichia coli serotype 0157:H7 has been epidemiologically linked to outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis associated with fast-food restaurants and nursing homes. Sporadic cases now exceed those associated with outbreaks. The incidence of the organism in patients with common diarrhea syndromes and in asymptomatic persons is unknown. Routine serotyping of E. coli isolates is impractical for most clinical microbiology laboratories. We developed a screening plate by utilizing sorbitol fermentation as a biochemical marker to identify organisms for serotyping. A total of 2,552 stool samples were screened. In 106 (4.1%), sorbitol-negative E. coli were identified. Of these, two were serotype 0157:H7, and both produced a Vero cell toxin. One patient had hemorrhagic colitis and the other a mild, febrile, self-limited diarrhea with no other bacterial pathogen identified. This plate provides an easy, effective method of screening for sorbitol-negative E. coli, a process facilitating the selection of organisms for serotyping and one that may help clarify this organism's role in human disease.