Prospective controlled study of developmental outcome in survivors of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation : the first 24 months

Survivors of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are considered to be at risk for developmental disabilities, but there are few controlled outcome studies. A prospective, controlled study of outcome was performed to quantify the degree and frequency of developmental disabilities in ECMO survivors compared with a matched control group. From May 1987 through November 1990, 40 of 47 neonates treated with ECMO survived at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston. Longitudinal developmental data were collected, using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, on 22 ECMO infants and 29 healthy term control infants at 6, 12, and 24 months. Language was assessed at 24 months using the Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development. An additional 13 ECMO infants had developmental data for at least one time point. Healthy term infants performed significantly better than ECMO infants on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 6 and 24 months and on the Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development at 24 months. Mean scores of ECMO infants were well within the average range and 77% of the ECMO infants were developmentally normal. These data suggest that early developmental morbidity in ECMO survivors is low, considering the severity of their neonatal illness.