A case of endometrial tuberculosis diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction

A 30-year-old female was admitted to our hospital for further investigation of infertility. The menstrual culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the endometrial tissue for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were both positive. The pelvic CT scan and hysterosalpingography showed a slightly expanded uterus and irregularity of the endometrium. Barium enema and pyelography showed no abnormality. Since these data established a diagnosis of early primary endometrial tuberculosis, the combined therapy of three antituberculous agents was commenced. Menstrual smear, culture and PCR for M. tuberculosis were examined monthly throughout the therapy. The mycobacterial culture became negative soon after the start of therapy, followed by a negative PCR result 3 months later. We conclude that PCR is useful for the rapid detection of M. tuberculosis not only in pulmonary but also in endometrial tuberculosis.