Rehabilitation of the pitching shoulder

Shoulder pain is a common complaint among baseball pitchers. Frequently, the nature of shoulder pathology can be traced to lack of flexibility and muscular imbal ance. This paper describes: (1) the normal biomechanics of a properly functioning shoulder during a baseball pitch, (2) pathomechanics of shoulder problems, (3) flexibility requirements of the throwing shoulder, and (4) the muscular balance necessary for an effective throwing shoulder. Appropriate examination procedures are de scribed along with remedial exercises which ensure normal glenohumeral motion and integrated muscle action.