Increased oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species in cultured orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy: evidence that oxidative stress has a role in this disorder

Purpose We investigated the oxidative stress in orbital fibroadipose tissues and cultured orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO). Methods The content of 8-hydroxy 2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an important biomarker of oxidative DNA damage, was measured in orbital fibroadipose tissues and cultured orbital fibroblasts from patients with GO and compared with age-matched normal controls. A product of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured orbital fibroblasts was also determined. Results There was no significant difference in the 8-OHdG content of orbital fibroadipose tissues between patients with GO and age-matched normal controls ( P =0.074). However, the levels of 8-OHdG and MDA in GO orbital fibroblasts were significantly higher than those of normal controls ( P =0.0026 and P