The dynamics of special forms of self injury

The underlying psychodynamics are described on the basis of investigations undertaken with a total of 23 out-patients with self-inflicted lacerations of the skin. In many cases autoaggression was not the presenting symptom but was only mentioned by the patients in passing. The particular trigger factors and their effect is shown in two case descriptions. It appears that differences are possible between male and female patients. The character structure of the patients is usually narcissistic, the type of defence mechanisms being determined by the extent of borderline circumstances always present on first occurrence of autoaggression. Later, the original dynamics may become over-shadowed by obsessive behavior patterns. Self-inflicted wounds are seen to be part of a multiphase process which ultimately allows the patient to cope with narcissistic crises experienced as conflict situations. Withdrawal into a state of self-elected autarchy enables the patient to distance him/herself from the formerly idealized object now experienced as evil and disappointing. Pathological triangular relationships play a role here with the blood representing an important ersatz partner.