Does estrogen directly modulate anti-müllerian hormone secretion in women?

Objective To investigate whether estrogen may modulate anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) expression in women. Design Prospective analysis. Setting Fertility clinic of tertiary university hospital. Patient(s) Cycling infertile women. Intervention(s) Blood samples were taken at the early, middle, and late follicular phase in five groups: spontaneous cycle (n = 10), ovulation induction with clomiphene-citrate (n = 15) or gonadotropins (n = 9), controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF (COH-IVF; n = 10) and in women who were treated with exogenous E2 for frozen-thawed embryo-transfer (FET) with no follicular development (n = 20). Main Outcome Measure(s) AMH and E2 serum levels. Result(s) Basal serum AMH and E2 levels were similar in all groups. AMH levels were stable in all women during the follicular phase except for significant reduction in the COH-IVF group. In women in the FET group with high E2 levels, comparable to the COH-IVF group, AMH levels remained stable. Conclusion(s) In women, estrogen does not appear to have a direct role in AMH regulation.