The role of simvastatin in the osteogenesis of injectable tissue-engineered bone based on human adipose-derived stromal cells and platelet-rich plasma

Abstract An injectable tissue-engineered bone (ITB) composed of human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (hPRP) was preliminarily constructed, but its osteogenic capability needs improving. This study aimed to evaluate if simvastatin can be applied as a bone anabolic agent for this ITB. We found 0.01 μ m , 0.1 μ m , and 1 μ m simvastatin could induce hADSCs’ osteoblastic differentiation in vitro that accompanied with non-inhibition on cell proliferation, high alkaline phosphatase activity, more mineralization deposition and more expression of osteoblast-related genes such as osteocalcin, core binding factor α 1, bone morphogenetic protein-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor. Simvastatin at 1 μ m seemed the most optimal concentration due to its high osteocalcin secretion in media ( P