An examination of the immune system of the duck ( Anas platyrhynchos) for factors resembling some defined mammalian cytokines

Duck lymphoblasts generated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) did not respond to recombinant or Jurkat cell line human interleukin (IL)-2 or possess surface antigens resembling mammalian IL-2 receptors or IL-1β. Supernatant fluids from normal and PHA-stimulated duck lymphocyte cultures, and normal and li...

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Veröffentlicht in:Developmental and comparative immunology 1993-07, Vol.17 (4), p.341-355
Hauptverfasser: Higgins, D.A., Cromie, Ruth L., Srivastava, G., Herzbeck, H., Schlüter, C., Gerdes, J., Diamantstein, T., Flad, H.-D.
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Duck lymphoblasts generated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) did not respond to recombinant or Jurkat cell line human interleukin (IL)-2 or possess surface antigens resembling mammalian IL-2 receptors or IL-1β. Supernatant fluids from normal and PHA-stimulated duck lymphocyte cultures, and normal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes, gave negative results in a range of assays for biological activity and immunochemical presence of factors resembling mammalian IL-1 and IL-2. However, supernatant fluids from LPS-stimulated duck monocytes contained IL-6-like activity (up to 35 units/mL) assessed on the 7TD-1 murine cell line. We were unable to demonstrate mRNA that would hybridize to cDNA probes for human IL-1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in extracts of blood and lymphoid organs from normal and antigen-stimulated ducks. Because homologous serum or plasma is essential for duck lymphocytes and macrophages to respond to mitogens in vitro, we asked whether this growth-factor-like activity might be caused by substances resembling mammalian cytokines. Serum and plasma were examined for activity consistent with IL-1 and IL-6 on mammalian target cells. None was detected. Instead, both serum and plasma contained inhibitors of human IL-1β and IL-6, detected at dilutions up to 1:100. Inhibition by serum was heat (56°C, 30 min) labile but inhibition by plasma was heat stable. The identities and biological functions of these inhibitors remain to be defined.
ISSN:0145-305X
1879-0089
DOI:10.1016/0145-305X(93)90006-C