Modelling crop-climate interactions in Spain: Vulnerability and adaptation of different agricultural systems to climate change

This study evaluates the theoretical impact of climate change on yields and water use of two crops with different responses to increased CO^sub 2^ and which represent contrasting agricultural systems in Spain. In all cases the simulated effects of a CO^sub 2^-induced climate change depended on the counteracting effects between higher daily ET rates, shortening of crop growth duration and changes in precipitation patterns as well as the simulated effects of CO^sub 2^ on the water use efficiency of the crops. For summer irrigated crops such as maize, the yield reductions and the exacerbated problems of irrigation water availability simulated with climate change may force the crop out of production in some regions. For winter dryland crops such as wheat, productivity increased significantly in some regions, suggesting a northward shift of area suitable for wheat production in future climates. The study considered strategies for improving the efficiency of water use based on the optimization of crop management decisions in a CO^sub 2^-driven warmer climate.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]