Dynamics of seed imbibition and germination of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) from extreme habitat conditions within five Balkan provenances

Seed was collected from two habitat types (harsh/rocky and favorable/control) within five Balkan provenances. An experiment was conducted to examine water uptake (grams water per gram of fresh seed) during 48 h after exposure to water. A second experiment investigated the effect of simulated-drought conditions (4% sucrose solution) compared to non-drought conditions (distilled water) on subsequent germination percentage. Seed from rocky habitats had less water uptake than those from control habitats for three of the provenances. However, water uptake was not correlated with subsequent germination. Drought simulation decreased germination but patterns for seed within each provenance were similar to germination under non-drought conditions. With the exception of one provenance, seed from the rocky habitats had lower germination than seed from control habitats. The data suggests some degree of adaptation to environmental conditions although variability was very high within each provenance's habitat types. This is of particular importance when considering potential impacts of climate change and the anticipated migration of species due to changes in habitat.