Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other flame retardants in the atmosphere and water from Taihu Lake, East China

Air and water samples were collected from Taihu Lake, East China through 2004 and analyzed for 33 congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and other seven brominated and chlorinated flame retardants. The annual concentration of total atmospheric PBDEs was 220 pg m −3; BDE-209 was most abund...

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Veröffentlicht in:Chemosphere (Oxford) 2010-08, Vol.80 (10), p.1207-1212
Hauptverfasser: Qiu, Xinghua, Zhu, Tong, Hu, Jianxin
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description Air and water samples were collected from Taihu Lake, East China through 2004 and analyzed for 33 congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and other seven brominated and chlorinated flame retardants. The annual concentration of total atmospheric PBDEs was 220 pg m −3; BDE-209 was most abundant (average 41% of total PBDEs), followed by BDE-47 (17%) and BDE-28 (15%). The relative abundance of tetra- and tri-BDE congeners (including BDE-47, -28, -49, -66, and -17) instead of BDE-99 indicated that a specific penta-BDE formulation might be produced and/or consumed in this region. The source was confirmed by the analysis of air–water gas exchange, which was nearly at equilibrium in spring and summer but displayed strong volatilization flux in autumn and winter, especially for BDE-28, indicating the potential wastewater discharge of PBDEs into the lake. In addition to PBDEs, hexabromobenzene, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane, decabromodiphenylethane, and Dechlorane Plus were detected in air samples, with an annual mean concentration of 23 pg m −3 for decabromodiphenylethane, and
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.06.013
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The annual concentration of total atmospheric PBDEs was 220 pg m −3; BDE-209 was most abundant (average 41% of total PBDEs), followed by BDE-47 (17%) and BDE-28 (15%). The relative abundance of tetra- and tri-BDE congeners (including BDE-47, -28, -49, -66, and -17) instead of BDE-99 indicated that a specific penta-BDE formulation might be produced and/or consumed in this region. The source was confirmed by the analysis of air–water gas exchange, which was nearly at equilibrium in spring and summer but displayed strong volatilization flux in autumn and winter, especially for BDE-28, indicating the potential wastewater discharge of PBDEs into the lake. 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subjects Air Pollutants - analysis
Air–water gas exchange
Applied sciences
Atmosphere
Atmosphere - analysis
Atmospherics
Autumn
Chemosphere
China
Congeners
Consumption
East China
Environmental Monitoring
Ethers
Exact sciences and technology
Flame retardants
Flame Retardants - analysis
Fresh Water - analysis
Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - analysis
Lakes
Pollution
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
Taihu Lake
Waste water
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
title Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other flame retardants in the atmosphere and water from Taihu Lake, East China
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