Enantiomer-specific analysis of hexabromocyclododecane in fish from Etnefjorden (Norway)

High-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) was applied to sterospecifically quantify the content of α-, β-, and γ-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in six fish species from the Norwegian Etnefjorden. A combination of a β-PM cyclodextrin and an achiral column enabled the paired chromatographic separation of the stereoisomers in the order (−)-α-, (+)-α-, (−)-β-, (+)-β-, (+)-γ- and, (−)-γ-HBCD. The limits of detection were in the range of 6–21 pg g −1 depending on the stereoisomer and the concentrations of α-, β-, and γ-HBCD in fillets ranged from