Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense: Membrane Glycoproteins Localized Primarily in Endosomes and Lysosomes of Bloodstream Forms

Bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense take up macromolecules in endocytic vesicles that form in a large coated pit called the flagellar pocket. Glycoproteins that bind to ricin are concentrated in the flagellar pocket and in intracellular vesicles. We purified Triton X-100-soluble ricin-binding glycoproteins by lectin affinity chromatography and immunized mice to generate hybridomas. Monoclonal antibody produced by the CB1 hybridoma recognized heterodisperse trypanosome components migrating with M r 84–140 kDa in immunoblots. CB1 binding was specifically inhibited by lactose. The CB1-reactive material was purified by sequential affinity chromatography on ricin– and CB1–Sepharose. N-Glycosidase F, but not endoglycosidase H, digestion destroyed CB1-reactivity of purified material. This suggests that N-linked oligosaccharides contribute to the CB1 epitope. Glycosidase digestion of biosynthetically radiomethionine-labeled, affinity purified, CB1-reactive material yielded two radiolabeled polypeptides, p57 and p42. Thirteen methionyl peptides were resolved in one-dimensional peptide maps of V8 protease digests of p57; p42 had 10 methionyl peptides with mobilities indistinguishable from those of peptides of p57. This suggests that p57 and p42 are closely related. In cryoimmunoelectron microscopy studies CB1 specifically labeled the interior surface of tubular and vesicular membranes located between the nucleus and the flagellar pocket. These membranes were morphologically identical to structures that have been previously identified as trans Golgi, lysosomal, and endosomal elements. In double-labeling studies endocytosed serum albumen–gold complexes were found in the lumen of vesicles that had CB1-reactive material in their membranes. This provides direct evidence that vesicles containing high levels of CB1-reactive material are part of the lysosome/endosomal system. Some CB1-reactive material was also detected in the flagellar pocket by cryoimmunoelectron microscopy. Corrolated flow cytofluorimetry and immunofluorescence analysis showed that 85–96% of the total CB1-reactive material was intracellular and inaccessible to antibody in living cells. The 4–15% of the total CB1-reactive material accessible to antibody in living cells was localized in the flagellar pocket. Bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, and T.b. rhodesiense all expressed the CB1 epitope. However, expression of this epitope is developmentally