Is nutritional intake adequate in chronic heart failure patients?

The goal of this study was to investigate the nutrition adequacy and energy availability for physical activity in free-living, clinically stable patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Little information exists regarding the nutrition adequacy and alimentary habits of patients with clinically stable CHF. We hypothesized that CHF patients have an inadequate intake of calories and protein, leading to a negative calorie and nitrogen balance, an expression of increased tissue breakdown. In 57 non-obese patients with CHF (52 males and 5 females; 52 ± 3 years; body mass index