Bone-derived growth factor release from poly(α-hydroxy acid) implants in vitro

Matrix proteins were extracted from bovine cortical bone and polymer implant discs ( 13 mm × 2 mm composed of 50:50 poly dl-lactide-co-glycolide; mol. wt. ~ 9000 ) prepared by compression moulding granules with lyophilized bone matrix extracts (BMX) 10.1 (w/w). BMX-containing polymers were cultured for 5 wk in either serum-free Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's medium (DMEM) or phosphate buffer, and growth factor activity released into the media assayed by its ability to stimulate the proliferation of murine fibroblast BALB/C/3T3 cells. Approximately 60–75% of the biological activity was released during the first week of culture; however, less than half of the growth factor units originally incorporated into the implants retained biological activity. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the development of significant internal porosity by week 2; the size of the channels, pores and surface openings suggested they were of the right order for bone ingrowth. These preliminary findings suggest that poly(α-hydroxy acid) polymers containing bone-derived growth factors could have potential for stimulating osseous regeneration in vivo.