Bone mineralization in the first year of life in infants fed human milk, cow-milk formula, or soy-based formula

Objective To test the hypotheses that (1) bone mineral content (BMC) is similar in infants fed soy-based formula (SBF) and human milk (HM) and higher in infants fed cow milk-based formula (CBF) and (2) serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, an index of mineral sufficiency, is similar in infants fed formula and infants fed HM. Design:Randomized, prospective study of formula-fed group only Setting:Recruitment was in a normal newborn nursery. Patients: 72 infants: 10 given HM, 20 given CBF (Similac), 21 given SBF (Isomii), and 21 given SBF (Prosobee). Measurements: BMC and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels at baseline (days 2 through 7 of life) and at 8, 16, 26, and 52 weeks of age. The BMC was similar in all groups at all times; serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were similar in all groups, except that they were elevated at 8, 16, and 26 weeks in those fed Prosobee. Conclusions: (1) BMC is similar in SBF-, CBF, and HM-fed infants and (2) compensatory elevation of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations may occur in SBF-fed infants.