Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor attenuates left ventricular remodelling after acute anterior STEMI: results of the single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicentre STem cEll Mobilization in Acute Myocardial Infarction (STEM-AMI) Trial

Aims The aim of this study was to assess the effect of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) on left ventricular (LV) function and volumes in patients with anterior ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and depressed LV ejection fraction (EF). Methods and results Sixty consecutive patients with anterior STEMI, undergoing primary angioplasty percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), with symptom‐to‐reperfusion time of 2–12 h and EF ≤45% after PCI, were randomized to G‐CSF 5 μg/kg b.i.d. subcutaneously (n = 24) or placebo (n = 25) for 5 days, starting