Polysaccharides based hydrogels for biological applications

Polysaccharides based hydrogels show several peculiar properties which can be so reassumed: • Capability to absorb a great amount of water once immersed in biological fluids, assuming, consequently, a structure similar to extracellular matrix or biological tissue • Tissotropic property, i.e. possibility to be injected through a needle without lose of their rheological properties. These fundamental properties make them ideal materials for several biomedical applications, such as cellular scaffold, coatings for biomedical disposals, treatments for different diseases, controlled release of drugs, etc. Hyaluronane, Carboxymethyl cellulose and Alginic acid based 50% hydrogels (i.e. 50% of the carboxylate groups present in the macromolecule chain were involved in the cross‐linking reaction) are synthesised. Their effectiveness in promoting cells adhesion and proliferation was verified. Furthermore the possibility of injecting and sterilising hydrogels permitted to test the effect of Hyal 50% in the osteoarthritis therapy. It was found that the in vivo effect of Hyal 50% in the treatment of surgically created chondral defect in the rabbit knee was positive. These materials can be both chemically and morphologically modified. In fact, the insertion of sulphate groups increase their hemocompatibility as demonstred by the increase of TT (time necessary to turn the fibrinogen to thrombin). Furthermore microporous hydrogels were obtained and tested as drug controlled release systems.